crust

Mantle Bottom Pancakes Benefit Surface Life

September 28, 2020

The biggest island in the United States also is the fastest growing. Thanks to a steadily rising hot plume from the lower mantle, Hawaii...

Design

by Hugh Ross Read

Earth’s Deep Water Cycle Is Designed for Life

July 13, 2020

We’re all familiar with Earth’s surface water cycle. Anytime it rains or we boil water on the stove, we see that cycle in action....

Geology & Earth

by Hugh Ross Read

Diamonds Are Forever, But Not Earthquakes or Life

December 30, 2019

“Diamonds are a girl’s best friend.” So the song goes, but the processes that created these gems, namely earthquakes, have not generated such lyrics....

Design

by Hugh Ross Read

Baby, It’s Cold Outside: Global Cooling and Planet Habitability

December 9, 2019

At this time of year, Christmas carols and songs are in full swing. One song, “Baby, It’s Cold Outside,” won an Academy Award in...

Design

by Hugh Ross Read