Today's New Reason To Believe Archives

April 2006

Today’s New Reason To Believe-Sunday, April 30, 2006
Biochemical Design: Life’s Minimum Complexity

  • What was first life on Earth like? New research suggests that initial life-forms, though single-celled microbes, were remarkably complex from a biochemical standpoint. Researchers estimated the minimum genome size for LUCA (the last universal common ancestor), a hypothetical organism that roots the evolutionary tree of life. They concluded that LUCA must have had between 1000 and 1550 genes. This conclusion comports with previous studies on the fossil and geochemical records that indicate that the first life-forms on Earth were metabolically complex. These results also agree with earlier studies that indicate that independent life minimally requires anywhere from 1300 to 2300 genes, depending on its metabolic and lifestyle demands. This research matches RTB’s origin-of-life model, which predicts that Earth’s first life, produced by the Creator’s hand, was complex.
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Today’s New Reason To Believe-Saturday, April 29, 2006
Water on Kuiper Belt Bodies No Help to Life Scenarios

  • Studies of Kuiper Belt Objects (KBOs) affirm the design of the solar system-and Earth in particular. The Kuiper Belt is a group of small cometary and asteroidal bodies just beyond Neptune that orbit the sun. A team of Caltech scientists confirmed the existence of ice on the largest satellite of one KBO. The ice signature strongly implies that the satellite resulted from a giant impact, similar to the process responsible for Earth’s moon. While this KBO and satellite show similarities to the Earth-moon system-abundant water and an impact formation event-the differences reveal the design of the earth and moon. Earth remains the only known astronomical body with a long-standing liquid water cycle and a large moon serving to stabilize the earth’s rotation. Both of these essential characteristics affirm the view that a supernatural Designer has prepared a fit habitat for life.
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Today’s New Reason To Believe-Friday, April 28, 2006
Biblical Account of Human Origins Supported by Virus Genetic Diversity

  • New genetic research reveals a pattern for humanity’s spread that comports with the biblical account of humanity’s origin. Parasites serve as a powerful proxy for the human host because of the intimate associations between host and parasite. The new study examined the genetic diversity of the human JC virus and indicates that humanity had a recent origin in East Africa. This evidence corroborates earlier genetic studies, using human mitochondrial and Y-chromosomal DNA, that indicate humanity originated recently from a single region (at or near where biblical scholars think the Garden of Eden was located) and spread from near the Middle East to rapidly populate the Earth in a pattern consistent with the biblical text.
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Today’s New Reason To Believe-Thursday, April 27, 2006
New Distance Indicator

  • A team of American scientists revealed a new technique for measuring distance that will likely yield more evidence for supernatural creation. Reliable scientific models of the universe rely on accurate distant determinations. Because of the difficulty measuring the great distances involved in astronomy, consistency among multiple techniques significantly contributes to scientists’ confidence in the accuracy of the measurements. Using bursts from an X-ray binary (a two-star system that emits X-rays) in the Milky Way Galaxy, the team of astronomers calculated a distance to the binary, matching results from other techniques. As scientists add more rulers to their toolbox, and those rulers provide consistent results, the credibility of RTB’s cosmic creation model grows.
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    • Journey Toward Creation, 2nd ed., by Hugh Ross (DVD)

Today’s New Reason To Believe-Wednesday, April 26, 2006
Biochemical Design: Optimization of Gene Expression Control

  • New research demonstrates that the mechanism that controls gene expression is optimally designed to minimize error-a feature that points to supernatural creation. The cell controls gene expression through proteins that bind to the regulatory regions of genes. Some proteins, called activators, cause the genes to be expressed when they bind to regulatory regions. Other proteins, called repressors, prevent gene expression when they bind to regulatory sites. Biochemists have long noted that genes in high demand are regulated by activator binding, whereas genes in low demand are regulated by repressor binding. New work reveals that this design optimally minimizes error in gene expression by preventing the binding of the wrong proteins to gene regulatory sites. Far from unusual, such optimization defines many of the cell’s biochemical systems and pathways. When humans encounter optimization in man-made devices, they intuitively recognize good design. Similarly, the optimized fine-tuning routinely observed in biochemical systems signifies that life originated from the Creator’s hand.
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Today’s New Reason To Believe-Tuesday, April 25, 2006
Kuiper Belt Companions and Moon Formation

  • Greater understanding of the nature and abundance of outer solar system objects provides evidence for RTB’s creation model. The Kuiper Belt is a region beyond Neptune predicted to contain over 70,000 small objects. Study of multiple companions of Kuiper Belt objects reveals additional evidence of fine-tuning in the formation of the moon and provides a new tool to test and understand the formation process in more detail. While some people dispute Pluto’s standing as a planet, none can deny that multiple companions orbit it. Detailed analysis of these companions reveals that their origin resulted from a giant impact event (like the one responsible for the formation of Earth’s moon) and not from gravitational capture. Because of the abundance and size of Kuiper Belt objects, impact events should be more common; meaning that discovery of additional multiple systems will give astronomers more data to evaluate the probability of the event that formed Earth’s moon. RTB’s cosmic creation model predicts increased fine-tuning will be revealed by a more detailed understanding of Earth’s moon formation.
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Today’s New Reason To Believe-Monday, April 24, 2006
New Study Turns Textbook Evolutionary Explanation Upside Down

  • Recent evidence overturns the conventional evolutionary explanation for the origin of vertebrates. The longstanding evolutionary tree for vertebrate origins is rooted in the echinoderms (sea stars, sea cucumbers). According to this view, echinoderms gave rise to two phyla, the hemichordates (acorn worms) as a side branch, and chordates. Within the chordates, urochordates (tunicates and sea squirts) appeared first and subsequently produced the cephalochordates (lancelets like amphioxus). The cephalochordates then produced the first vertebrates. Evidence for this scenario rests on anatomical features and the trend toward greater complexity. New research using genetic data to characterize evolutionary relationships, however, paints a remarkably different picture. The genetic data places the simpler urochordates in close evolutionary connection with the vertebrates, and the more complex cephalochordates with the echinoderms. One key prediction that flows from the evolutionary paradigm is that anatomical and genetic evolutionary trees should agree. Yet, this study indicates that when it comes to vertebrate origins, this prediction fails.
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Today’s New Reason To Believe-Sunday, April 23, 2006
Metal Enrichment in Early Galaxies

  • Observations of early galaxies provide additional evidence for the chemical evolution of the universe predicted by RTB’s cosmic creation model. After the first three minutes of the universe’s existence, stellar burning produced all the elements heavier than hydrogen and helium. Supernova explosions (dying stars) provide the most efficient mechanism to enrich the gas between stars with these heavier elements. X-ray observations by the Chandra Observatory of early galaxies confirm that type-Ia supernovae produce the bulk of the metals detected in these galaxies. However, the other type I and type II supernovae cannot explain the remaining chemical composition. An additional enrichment from a third type of supernova is necessary to account for the chemical abundances. Observational evidence for these first stars, called massive population III stars, continues to grow, thereby affirming RTB’s creation model.
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    • Journey Toward Creation, 2nd ed., by Hugh Ross (DVD)

Today’s New Reason To Believe-Saturday, April 22, 2006
Processed Pseudogenes are Not Junk DNA

  • Scientists have identified the functional importance of processed or retroposed pseudogenes, a type of "junk" DNA. Junk (or noncoding) DNA has achieved iconic status among evolutionary biologists because they maintain that junk DNA is an imperfection, a logical residue of the evolutionary process. Numerous recent studies, however, have identified function for many types of junk DNA. This new analysis indicates a fairly high occurrence of processed pseudogenes that function as bona fide genes in the human genome. Far from junky, the growing recognition of the functional importance of this type of genetic material undermines one of evolution’s best arguments and suggests that careful planning by an intelligent Designer, rather than undirected, random biochemical events, shaped the genomes of organisms.
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Today’s New Reason To Believe-Friday, April 21, 2006
Cosmic Strings Confirm Cosmic Creation

  • Detection of a gravitational lens (where light from a distant source bends around a massive object) confirms a prediction of the grand unified theory that underlies RTB’s creation model. This theory attempts to unify the strong, weak, electromagnetic, and gravitational forces into one unified force. The intense heat and density of the early universe ensured the unification of all four fundamental forces observed today. As the universe cooled, a phase change occurred as gravity separated from the remaining three forces. Like any phase change, defects arose in the resulting state. The nature of the defects remained unclear-points, strings, or sheets-although anthropic and observational constraints argued against points or sheets. Recent observations confirm that a cosmic defect in the form of a one-dimensional string provides the gravitational mass responsible for a lensed galaxy. By elucidating the existence and nature of the cosmic defects, this discovery buttresses RTB’s cosmic creation model.
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Today’s New Reason To Believe-Thursday, April 20, 2006
Mounting Evidence that Junk DNA Has Function

  • Researchers have discovered functional importance for yet another type of "junk" DNA, thereby challenging the idea that junk (noncoding) DNA is a useless product of evolution. Scientists have identified a new family of conserved noncoding elements (CNEs) in the human genome. Members of this family of CNEs with conserved DNA sequences are found in the dog, mouse, and rat genomes. For biochemists, conserved DNA sequences reflect function. As of now, the exact function of CNEs is unknown, but based on the properties of the CNEs, biochemists are forced to conclude that another class of junk DNA has function. As scientific advance recognizes the functional importance of junk DNA, the evidence undermines one of evolution’s best arguments but supports RTB’s biblical creation model.
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Today’s New Reason To Believe-Wednesday, April 19, 2006
Milky Way Dynamics Shows Design

  • Measurements of the structure and dynamics of the Milky Way Galaxy (MWG) reveal the fine-tuning required in our solar system to provide a planet capable of supporting advanced life. A team of international astronomers used methanol masers (microwave analogs of lasers) to determine the distance and motion of a large star-forming region in the Perseus spiral arm of the MWG. The parallax measurement resolved a long-standing discrepancy in distances determined by other techniques. Further, this star-forming region’s noncircular orbit, likely a result of interacting with the spiral arm, sharply contrasts with the highly circular orbit of the sun. Without a finely tuned circular orbit (at the appropriate radius from the galactic center) the solar system would experience much more frequent destructive gravitational interactions with the galaxy’s spiral arms. RTB’s cosmic creation model predicts such fine-tuning as the work of a supercaring Creator who has prepared a suitable habitat for humankind.
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Today’s New Reason To Believe-Tuesday, April 18, 2006
Virus Genetic Diversity Tracks Population Structure and History of Its Host

  • New research substantiates the use of genetic diversity patterns of human parasites to track humanity’s origin and spread. Earlier parasite studies have indicated (along with other genetic research) that humanity originated recently from a single region (at or near where biblical scholars think the Garden of Eden was located), and spread from near the Middle East to rapidly populate the earth in a pattern consistent with the biblical text. Parasites serve as a powerful proxy for human hosts because of the intimate associations between host and parasite. In the new study scientists successfully used the feline immunodeficiency virus to characterize the structure and recent history of contemporary populations of cougars. The parasite data revealed information that was not apparent in the host (cougar) genetic data. This study demonstrates the potential of parasite genetic data to describe the population dynamics of host species. The research adds confidence to similar human parasite data studies that affirm the biblical account of humanity’s origin.
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Today’s New Reason To Believe-Monday, April 17, 2006
Iron Isotope Argues for Supernova Input in Early Solar System

  • Radioisotope studies of meteorites provide additional support for the fine-tuning of the solar system predicted by RTB’s cosmic creation model. A particular isotope of iron, 60Fe, decays with a half-life of a million years and forms only in stellar interiors. The abundance of 60Fe incorporated in compounds found in primitive meteorites confirms its presence in the early solar system. Further, the abundance of 60Fe points to its origin in a supernova that seeded the early solar system. However, the location of the supernova must be fine-tuned to adequately seed the solar system without blowing it apart. The degree of fine-tuning dramatically increases when considering other evidence that three or more supernovae must have simultaneously enriched the early solar system to account for its chemical composition. Such fine-tuning is consistent with the work of a supercaring Creator who has designed a suitable habitat for humanity.
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    • Journey Toward Creation, 2nd ed., by Hugh Ross (DVD)

Today’s New Reason To Believe-Sunday, April 16, 2006
Baboon Mourning Sheds Light on Hominid Behavior

  • Observations of mourning among baboons in the wild highlights the fact that any similar behavior attributed to ancient hominids is unremarkable. RTB’s human origins creation model regards the extinct hominids found in the fossil record as nonhuman primates that lacked spiritual capacity. However, some people consider the hominids to be nearly human because they displayed evidence of emotional capacity. For example, fossil and archeological evidence indicates that Neanderthals cared for injured individuals and buried their dead (in nonritual burials). Modern baboons display similar behavior. Researchers observed a baboon seeking comfort from other baboons after the loss of her closest grooming partner. Once she reestablished other grooming relationships, she ceased mourning. The observed emotional response of baboons is qualitatively no different than that inferred from the fossil and archeological records for hominids like Neanderthals. Thus, the scientific evidence continues to distinguish modern humans from the hominids, as RTB’s human origins creation model predicts.
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Today’s New Reason To Believe-Saturday, April 15, 2006
More Observational Evidence for Kuiper Belt

  • New observations of the outer solar system strengthen support for the Kuiper Belt, a feature consistent with RTB’s cosmic creation model. This outer belt of difficult-to-detect objects has been proffered as the source of the short-period comets (those with an orbital period less than 200 years) in the solar system. Some young-earth creationist organizations have claimed the existence of short-period comets proved the youth of the solar system, because such objects have not been around very long and die out quickly. Conversely, most scientists have argued for a band of trans-Neptunian objects (called the Kuiper Belt) that resupplies the short-period comets on a continuous basis. A team of international astronomers detected over 66 objects belonging to the Kuiper Belt, adding to the more than 1000 objects discovered by other groups. As scientists make more sensitive observations, the case for RTB’s cosmic creation model grows while evidence for young-universe models diminishes.
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Today’s New Reason To Believe-Friday, April 14, 2006
Convergence throughout Life’s History

  • Scientists have discovered that ecological and functional features of life’s history have been replicable-a find that supports RTB’s creation model. According to evolutionary paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould, if one were to rewind the tape of life and replay it, the outcome would be different each time. The concept of historical contingency maintains that evolution will not produce the same outcome repeatedly, since its mechanism relies on a sequence of chance events. Numerous studies indicate that indeed throughout life’s history there have been repeated, independent origins of specific complex anatomical, physiological, and behavioral systems. New research based on analysis of the fossil record indicates that this pattern extends beyond particular instances to the entirety of life’s history. The recognition that repeated functional and ecological manifestations characterize the flow of life’s history challenges the veracity of evolution, but finds ready explanation if a Creator repeatedly used the same good designs throughout life’s history.
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Today’s New Reason To Believe-Thursday, April 13, 2006
Universe Dominated by Dark "Stuff"

  • Analysis of correlations between galaxy clustering and cosmic microwave background fluctuations further buttresses RTB’s cosmic creation model. RTB’s model predicts that dark energy comprises a major part of the universe. A team of European astronomers looked at correlations that occurred at many different times in the history of the universe. By looking at different timescales, the significance of the correlations grows much stronger. The data independently confirm the presence of dark energy, and dark matter at levels matching measurement derived from other experiments. Further, the data also indicate the dark energy is constant, further supporting the fine-tuning required by a cosmological constant. The validation of predictions and confirmation of previous results testify to the scientific integrity of RTB’s cosmic creation model.
    • Enrique Gaztañaga, Mark Manera, and Tuomas Multamäki, "New Light on Dark Cosmos," Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 365 (2006): 171-77.
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Today’s New Reason To Believe-Wednesday, April 12, 2006
Biochemical Design: Quality Control

  • New insight into cellular DNA repair offers more evidence for supernatural creation. Well-designed man-made systems include quality control checkpoints at critical junctures to ensure efficient production of high-quality products. Many biochemical operations inside the cell employ similar quality control procedures, and hence appear to be designed. One important aspect of the cell’s quality control systems centers on repair of DNA damage. New research describes the remarkable efficiency of the cell’s DNA repair operation. Frequently, DNA damage is quite subtle. This low-level insult to DNA’s structure would go unrecognized by the cell’s repair machinery apart from the activity of the MDC1 protein. This protein amplifies the weak injury signal from the damaged area and mobilizes the cell’s repair systems. Early activation is critical, because DNA is easier to repair when the damage is minimal. As biochemists continue to observe such efficiency in the cell’s chemical systems, evidence for a supernatural Designer mounts.
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Today’s New Reason To Believe-Tuesday, April 11, 2006
Debris Disks Show Solar System Design

  • Greater understanding of the characteristics of sun-like stars has provided astronomers with additional evidence for the uniqueness and fine-tuning of the solar system. The sun’s outer debris field, known as the Kuiper Belt, contains objects that provide important information about solar system formation. Hubble Space Telescope images reveal debris disks around other stars analogous to the Kuiper Belt. However, these debris disks show a wide variety of sizes, densities, locations, and planetary configurations-even when looking at stars that astronomers expect would form solar systems like the sun’s. Instead of providing evidence for the averageness of the solar system, the images reveal the uniqueness and fine-tuning of the solar system, as predicted by RTB’s cosmic creation model.
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    • Journey Toward Creation, 2nd ed., by Hugh Ross (DVD)

Today’s New Reason To Believe-Monday, April 10, 2006
Biochemical Design: Organization of Simplest Life

  • New research on genome structure expands upon the revolutionary new paradigm that bacteria display internal organization at the molecular level. For the first time researchers have observed that the genomes of bacteria and archaea display intricate organization for a number of properties that describe the genome’s structure. This discovery follows on the heels of the recent recognition that the replication origin of microbial chromosomes orients toward the cell pole. The molecular organization of the simplest life-forms rebuffs the long-held view that bacteria were merely containers of haphazardly arranged molecules. Such evidence serves as a marker for biochemical design and would be expected in a creation model calling for the God of the Bible as the Author of all life.
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Today’s New Reason To Believe-Sunday, April 9, 2006
Planet Size is Important for Plate Tectonics

  • A team of researchers has found more evidence of fine-tuning to sustain the plate tectonics required for advanced life. The rate of heat flow from the core to the mantle of the earth critically influences the strength and longevity of plate tectonics on Earth’s surface. A special material at the core/mantle boundary provides the proper physical and chemical characteristics to moderate the heat flow. Simulations by an international team of scientists reveal that small increases in planet size create pressures that transform this material from an insulator to a conductor, greatly increasing heat flow from the core. In turn, tectonic activity would be much larger and die out more quickly. Without fine-tuning, including a just-right planet size, the tectonic activity advanced life requires would not exist on Earth.
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Today’s New Reason To Believe-Saturday, April 8, 2006
Biochemical Design: Life’s Minimum Complexity

  • New research adds support to the notion that life is irreducibly complex, requiring close to 400 genes to exist in its bare essential form. Researchers determined the necessity of each of the 5,962 genes found in the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a microbe with one of the most complex bacterial genomes. New work identifies 355 essential genes, a result that agrees with those of previous studies. This means that life, based on contemporary biochemistry, cannot exist below this limit. In other words, life is irreducibly complex in its bare essence. For evolutionary origin-of-life scenarios to work, life in its minimal form must be simple. The irreducibly complex nature of independent life-forms provides evidence that life is the product of a Creator.
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Today’s New Reason To Believe-Friday, April 7, 2006
Better Distance, More Design

  • Better distance measurements of structure in the Milky Way Galaxy have buttressed RTB’s creation model by producing further evidence of fine-tuning. Accurate distances provide the foundation for strong models of the formation and evolution of the universe. Using maser emission from a star-forming region in the Perseus spiral arm of the Milky Way Galaxy, a team of astronomers resolved discrepant results from other techniques. The more accurate distance allowed the team to determine that the star-forming region does not follow a circular orbit in the galaxy. Also, the density difference between spiral arms and the space between arms is much larger than previously thought. Consequently, this conclusion enhances the fine-tuning necessary to prevent the catastrophic disruption to our solar system that would result from a passage through the spiral arms.
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Today’s New Reason To Believe-Thursday, April 6, 2006
Complexity of Earth’s First Life

  • New fossil evidence indicates that early life was remarkably complex, as predicted by RTB’s creation model for life’s origin. Macroscopic fossils, called stromatolites, have been recovered from rock formations that date at 3.5 billion years in age. Stromatolites are microbial mats comprised of a complex microbial ecology anchored by photosynthetic bacteria (cyanobacteria). Researchers have discovered that cyanobacteria and other microbes in mats found at hot springs oscillate their biochemical operations between day and night in response to regulatory signals from the environment. These oscillations are critical for maintaining the vitality of the mat community. By inference, this type of complex metabolic behavior was likely present on early Earth, contrary to evolutionary models, which require the first life-forms to be simple. However, such metabolic complexity of early life can be readily explained by a creation model holding that a Creator supernaturally intervened to make the first life-forms on Earth.
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Today’s New Reason To Believe-Wednesday, April 5, 2006
Dark Matter Properties First Measured

  • Scientists’ determination of the first properties of the universe’s mysterious dark matter provides a test bed for verifying or falsifying RTB’s creation model. While dark matter comprises one fourth of the substance of the universe, scientists know little about its nature except for its gravitational properties. However, detailed observations of dwarf galaxies in the local cluster of galaxies permit researchers to begin extracting other properties, such as the temperature and minimum stable mass of dark matter clumps. Preliminary analysis indicates that the dark matter is not cold, as predicted by most big bang models. RTB’s creation model predicts a high degree of fine-tuning in the universe’s properties. Thus a finely tuned warm dark matter may resolve a number of difficulties that plague simulations of galaxy formation. Future observations promise to either confirm or falsify the fine-tuning predicted by RTB’s creation model.
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Today’s New Reason To Believe-Tuesday, April 4, 2006
Biochemical Design: Molecular Motors

  • New understanding of the function of one of nature’s tiny motors buttresses a classic design argument. Scientists have learned that many biomolecules inside the cell function as molecular-sized machines. One such molecular machine is the bacterial flagellar motor, a protein complex that includes a stator, rotor, drive shaft, bushing, and universal joint. Researchers studied the interplay between the bacterial flagellar motor and the cell’s chemical sensors, and discovered more about its remarkable machine-like operation. British natural theologian William Paley argued that just as a watch requires a watchmaker, so too, life logically requires a Creator, since biological systems appear to be machine-like. The bacterial flagellar motor’s elegant design and stark resemblance to man-made motors adds vigor to Paley’s argument and indicates that these biomolecular machines must be the work of a divine "Motor Maker."
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Today’s New Reason To Believe-Monday, April 3, 2006
Independent Test Confirms Cosmological Parameters

  • A new technique to measure cosmological parameters affirms earlier measurements, providing additional support for RTB’s cosmic creation model. Precise measurements of the velocities and distances for galaxies in the Local Supercluster provide a means to put stringent constraints on the mass density of the universe. The values determined by a team of international scientists match those measured by other methods. Further, using input from other techniques, the team derived a value of 13.5 +/- 0.2 billion years for the age of the universe. This value perfectly matches the value extracted from the cosmic microwave background radiation. The consistency of cosmological parameters measured by different techniques continues to buttress RTB’s biblically based creation model.
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Today’s New Reason To Believe-Sunday, April 2, 2006
New Methodology Identifies More Functional "Junk" DNA

  • New research indicates the functional importance of "junk" DNA sequences, thereby confuting the long-held view that this type of genetic material is a useless byproduct of evolution. Scientists have recently analyzed junk (noncoding) DNA sequences and discovered that many genes found in the human genome contain functional sequences that are similar to the sequences of transposable elements. If evolution were true, one would not expect junk DNA to function as mobile, yet essential, genetic material. The growing recognition of the functional importance of junk DNA indicates that careful planning by an intelligent Designer, rather than undirected, random biochemical events, shaped the genomes of organisms.
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Today’s New Reason To Believe-Saturday, April 1, 2006
Confirmation of Design in the Universe

  • Analysis of a survey of galaxy distances has provided more evidence consistent with a supernatural Designer’s work in creating the universe. A team of international scientists derived many cosmological parameters by quantifying the clustering of galaxies in the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey data. The measured parameters matched values obtained from numerous other techniques, as expected from a good scientific model of the universe. In particular, the team determined that the space-energy density is consistent with a cosmological constant. If truly constant, the space-energy density represents one of the most fine-tuned characteristics of the universe yet discovered. RTB’s cosmic creation model predicts the degree of fine-tuning measured by scientists will continue to grow as scientists make more detailed measurements of the universe.
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