Creation Update
2003 Web Cast Archives
January - June

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	Observational Concessions of Young-Earth Cosmology Air date: 06-24-03 Hugh Ross, Fuz Rana, and Krista Bontrager Discoveries Discussed Bering Land Bridge Vegetation Grant D. Zazula, et al., "Ice-Age Steppe Vegetation in East Beringia," Nature 423 (June 12, 2003), 603. For further discussion on this topic, see: The Genesis Question, by Hugh Ross Connection between Indian Monsoons and Ice Ages Dominik Fleitmann, et al., "Holocene Forcing of the Indian Monsoon Recorded in a Stalagmite from Southern Oman," Science 300 (2003), 1737-1739. Young-Earth creationist critique of cosmic clock problem John G. Hartnett, "Look-Back Time In Our Galactic Neighborhood Leads to a New Cosmogony," TJ: the in-depth journal of creation 17 (no. 1, 2003), 73-79. For further discussion of this topic, see the following resources: Unraveling Starlight and Time (Creation Update audio cassette, air-date 06-03-2000) The Unraveling of Starlight and Time Why won’t Hugh Ross debate Russell Humphreys? Quantized Red Shifts (aired on 9-03-02) Young-Earth creationist critique of neutrino “problem” Rod Bernitt, "Does the new neutrino model ignore helioseismic data and imply a billion-year age for the Sun," TJ: the in-depth journal of creation 17 (no. 1, 2003), 64. For further discussion of this topic, see the following resources: Missing Solar Neutrinos Found, by Hugh Ross Unique human face structure Erik Trinkaus, “Neanderthal faces were not long; modern human faces are short,” PNAS Early Edition (2003). Convergence update Michael F. Whiting, Sven Bradler and Taylor Maxwell, “Loss and recovery of wings in stick insects,” Nature 421 (January 16, 2003), 264-267. Graham Stone and Vernon French, “Evolution: Have Wings Come, Gone and Come Again?” Current Biology 13 (May 27, 2003), R436-R438. Call-In Questions George in Pasadena, CA wanted clarification on Humphreys cosmology. Email Questions Kenny in Milton, FL: Did H. Heidelberg use spears? Joe in Santa Clarita, CA: Why don’t use scientists use mt-DNA methods to study H. erectus and other bi-pedal primates? Reinaldo in Chile: Does Hugh Ross have an opinion to Tipler’s book, Physics of Immortality? Philosophy/Theology Segment Does all truth qualify as “General Revelation”?
	Is Homo sapiens idaltu the “Missing Link?” Air date: 06-17-03 Hugh Ross, Fuz Rana, and Krista Bontrager Discoveries Discussed New bi-pedal primate species: Homo species idaltu Tim D. White, Berhame Asfaw, et al., "Pleistocene Homo sapiens from Middle Awash, Ethiopia," Nature 423 (June 12, 2003), 742-747. J. Desmond Clark, Yonas Beyene, et al., “Stratiographic, chronological and behavioural contexts of Pleistocene Homo sapiens from Middle Awash, Ethiopia,” Nature 423 (June 12, 2003), 747-752. Chris Stringer, “Out of Ethiopia,” Nature 423 (June 12, 2003), 692-695. Ann Gibbons, “Oldest Members of Homo sapiens Discovered in Africa,” Science 300 (June 13, 2003), 1641. Daniel E. Lieberman, Brandeis M. McBratney and Gail Krovitz, “The evolution and development of cranial form in Homo sapiens,” PNAS 99 (February 5, 2002), 1134-1139. Human-Chimp DNA comparison update Tatsuya Anzai, Takashi Shiina, et al., “Comparative sequencing of human and chimpanzee MHC class I regions unveils insertions/deletions as the major path to genomic divergence,” PNAS 100 (June 24, 2003), 7708-7713. Kelly A. Frazer, Xiyin Chen, et al., “Genomic DNA Insertions and Deletions Occur Frequently Between Humans and Nonhuman Primates,” Genome Research 13 (2003), 341-346. Oxygenation and the Oceans Matthew T. Hurtgen, “Ancient oceans and oxygen,” Nature 423 (June 5, 2003), 592-593. Yanan Shen, Andrew H. Knoll and Malcolm R. Walter, “Evidence for low sulphate and anoxia in a mid-Proterozoic marine basin,” Nature 423 (June 5, 2003), 632-635. Solving the Globular Cluster Paradox J.L. Turner, S.C. Beck, et al., “An extragalactic supernebula confined by gravity,” Nature 423 (June 5, 2003), 621-623. Call In Questions Bill from Bath, SD: How can I approach my non-scientific pastor with issues related to science and faith? Ian from Santa Clarita, CA: Is the argon-argon dating method reliable to be used on the H. sapiens idaltu (164,000-150,000 years ago)? Why isn’t it used on other specimens in this age range? Joe in North Dakota had some follow up comments to the discussion about the oxygenation and the oceans. Randy in TN: Are fossils being formed today? Email Questions Tony wants to know: Do human embryos have gills in their early development? Does that prove Darwinian evolution? For more on this topic, Fuz recommends the book: Icons of Evolution, Jonathan Wells Kevin wants to know: Do humans have a gene for a mouse tail? What is gene expression? Rusty from Anaheim, CA: If there had been observers on the earth before the universe began accelerating, would they have been able to predict the acceleration in the future? Theology/Philosophy segment What does it mean to be human? Response to Discovery Channel documentary, “Walking With Cavemen.”
	Avian’s “Big Bang” Air date: 06-10-03 Hugh Ross, Fuz Rana, Kenneth Samples, and Krista Bontrager Discoveries Discussed Sudden appearance of birds in the fossil record Alan Feduccia, "’Big bang’ for tertiary birds?," TRENDS in Ecology and Evolution 18 (April 2003), 172-176. Rapid mouse evolution? Oliver R.W. Pergams, Wayne M. Barnes, and Dennis Nyberg, "Rapid change in mouse mitochondrial DNA," Nature 423 (22 May 2003), 397. Fine-tuning the co-rotation of galaxies J.R.D. Lepine, I.A. Archarova, and Yu. N. Mishurov, "Corotation, stellar wandering, and fine structure of the galactic abundance pattern," The Astrophysical Journal 589 (May 20, 2003), 210-216. Y. N. Mishurov, J.R.D. Lepine, and I.A. Archarova, "Corotation: Its influence on the chemical abundance pattern of the galaxy," The Astrophysical Journal Letters 571 (June 1, 2003), L113-L115. Call-In Questions Colin from Irondale, AL: Roman Catholic response to birth control discussion Jeff from Chicago, IL: Is there any moral problems involved in long-term egg preservation? George in Pasadena, CA: Follow-up comment on the book, Is the big bang biblical: And 99 other questions with John Morris William in Vernon, IN: Why did Jesus leave? Email Questions Rusty in Anaheim, CA: Wouldn’t the finding of organic material near a fossilized dinosaur indicate that it is only thousands of years old and not millions? Roger wanted to know: Is the North Pole empty of stars? Is that what Job 26:7 is refers to? Theology/Philosophy Segment Should Christians use birth control? For more on contraception and the Christian faith, Kenneth recommends: Evangelical Ethics: Issues Facing the Church Today, John Jefferson Davis
	God’s Perfect Timing for Life: Geophysical Evidence for the Early Heavy Bombardment Air date: 06-03-03 Hugh Ross, Fuz Rana, Kenneth Samples, and Krista Bontrager Discoveries Discussed Samarium to Neodymium insights into the early Earth Guillaume Caro, Bernard Bourdon, Jean-Louis Birck and Stephen Moorbath, "146 Sm— 142 Nd evidence from Isua metamorphosed sediments for early differentiation of the Earth’s mantle," Nature 423 (22 May 2003), 428-431. See also: Radiometric Dating: A Christian Perspective, by Gordon Weins Short tandem repeats — genetic research for human origins Lev. A. Zhivotovsky, Noah A. Rosenberg, and Marcus W. Feldman, “Features of Evolution and Expansion of Modern Humans, Inferred from Genomewide Microsatellite Markers,” American Journal of Human Genetics 72 (2003), 1171-1186. God can do it better than man! Philip Ball, “Size matters,” Nature 423 (15 May 2003), 238. Huajian Gao, et al., “Materials become insensitive to flaws as nanoscale: Lessons from nature,” PNAS 100 (13 May 2003), 5597-5600. Fred J. Sigworth, “Life’s transistors,” Nature 423 (1 May 2003), 21. Youxing Jiang, et al., “X-ray structure of a voltage-dependent K+ channel,” Nature 423 (1 May 2003), 33. Youxing Jiang, et al., “The principle of gating charge movement in a voltage-dependent K+ channel,” Nature 423 (1 May 2003), 42. Call-In Questions Bill from South Dakota: What is a “neo-Lawrensian” with regard to Einstein’s theory of relativity? Hugh’s recommendations about the philosophy of quantum mechanics Philosophical Consequences of Quantum Theory: Reflections on Bell’s Theorem, ed. By James T. Cushing and Ernan McMullin Quantum Reality: Beyond the New Physics: An Excursion into Metaphysics and the Meaning of Reality, Nick Herbert Quantum physics: Illusion or Reality? by Alastair Rae Randy in Tennessee: Are “entropy” and “decay” the same thing? Larry from Athens, GA: Is time travel possible — forward and backward? Lights in the Sky and Little Green Men, Hugh Ross, Kenneth Samples and Mark Clark The rUFO Hypothesis (DVD) Ian from Santa Clarita, CA: What does Hugh think is going on with the medium who contacted Samuel in 1 Samuel 28? Email Questions Kris wants to know: Could a legless lizard be a transitional form? Theology/Philosophy segment Television Psychics: Are they real?
	Cosmology and Particle Physics "Problem" Air date: 5-27-03 Hugh Ross, Fuz Rana, Kenneth Samples, and Joe Aguirre Discoveries Discussed Cosmological constant suggests more fine-tuning Lawrence M. Krauss, "A just-so story," Nature 423 (15 May 2003), 230-31. James D. Bjorken, "Cosmology and the Standard Model," (Abstract), Physical Review D vol. 67 iss.4 (February 2003). Hugo Martel, Paul R. Shapiro, and Steven Weinberg, "Likely Values of the Cosmological Constant," Astrophysical Journal 492 (1998 January 1), 29-40. Response To Chimp-Human Link Derek E. Wildman et al., "Implications of natural selection in shaping 99.4% nonsynonymous DNA identity between humans and chimpanzees: Enlarging genus Homo," PNAS 100 (June 10, 2003), 7181-88. Fish Feel Pain (discussed during philosophy/theology segment) Constance Holden, ed., "Tender Lips," Science 300 (9 May 2003), 897. Resource Life and Death In Eden (CD) Call-in Questions David from Roanoke, VA, asks: What resources would you recommend for Japanese? (In response to presence of in-studio guest Tim Boyle from RTB Japan) Resources Astronomical Evidences Creation and Time Creator and the Cosmos Genesis One: A Scientific Perspective Journey Toward Creation (Multilingual Edition) The Genesis Question John from Seattle asks: How did you come about your calculations for the origin of life? Resources Information Theory and Molecular Biology (out of print) Self-reproducing automata and the origin of life Cliff from Florida asks: Is a local flood essential to RTB's viewpoint? Resource The Genesis Question Joe from N. Dakota asks: How do young-earth creationists explain early Earth's atmosphere? Tim (in studio) asks: Concerning the early dates for modern humans in Europe, how does this affect RTB's model of the flood affecting only the greater Mesopotamian region? Resource The Genesis Question Other items Hugh Ross (on front cover) and Fuz Rana featured in Charisma magazine Andy Butcher, "He Sees God in the Stars," Charisma & Christian Life vol. 28, no. 11 (June 2003), 38-44. Brief interview with Tim Boyle of RTB Japan
	Homo Erectus Skull Discoveries Too Small Air date: 5-20-03 Hugh Ross, Fuz Rana, Kenneth Samples, and Joe Aguirre Discoveries Discussed Brain size of Homo erectus too small to link to humans Ann Gibbons, "A Shrunken Head for African Homo erectus," Science 300 (9 May 2003), 893. Oldest (35,000 years) modern human remains found Ann Gibbons, "First Modern Remains in Europe," Science 300 (9 May 2003), 894. Worm protein find has implications for long life spans Ao-Lin Hsu, Coleen T. Murphy, Cynthia Kenyon, "Regulation of Aging and Age-Related Disease by DAF-16 and Heat-Shock Factor," Science 300 (16 May 2003), 1142-45. Resources The Genesis Question Long Life Spans: “Adam Lived 930 Years and Then He Died” Other Items Discussed Miller-Urey Experiment No Longer Relevant Jeffrey L. Bada and Antonio Lazcano, "Prebiotic Soup--Revisiting the Miller Experiment," Science 300 (2 May 2003), 745-46. Naturalistic Explanation for Free Will/Determinism Critiqued Melvin Konner, "The buck stops here: Do we have free will, or are all of our choices predetermined?" (Review of Daniel Dennett's, Freedom Evolves), Nature 423 (1 May 2003), 17-18. Resource Scaling the Secular City Call-in Questions Jacob from Chicago asks: "What about oscillating universes?" Resource The Creator and the Cosmos George from Pasadena, CA, asks: "Have you read John Morris's book, The Big Bang--Is It Biblical?" Resources A Beginner's--and Expert's--Guide to the Big Bang Putting the Big Bang to the Test Big Bang--The Bible Taught It First! E-mail Question Markus from Finland asks: "What is the Kalam Cosmological Argument?" Resource Scaling the Secular City
	Primetime Interview with Phillip Johnson Air date: 5-15-03 Hugh Ross, Fuz Rana, and Joe Aguirre Discussion of Intelligent Design Similarities and Differences with RTB Separation of Church and State Call-in Questions Tim from Japan asks: Don't we need more than a "demolition of the pillar" of naturalism? Peter from Akron, OH, asks: Should people have to state assumptions? Ed from Medford, OR, asks: Can you mix law and science? Walter from Dallas, TX, asks: How far do you go into ID before you need to ask about a designer? E-mail Question Rob asks: What do you think about leading with the big bang and design in the universe first, the origin of life second, and design in biological systems last? We seem to operate in the reverse order now with limited results. Books by Phil Johnson The Right Questions: Truth, Meaning, and Public Debate The Wedge of Truth: Splitting the Foundations of Naturalism Objections Sustained: Subversive Essays on Evolution, Law & Culture Defeating Darwinism By Opening Minds Reason in the Balance: The Case Against Naturalism in Science, Law, and Education Darwin On Trial Paper on the Santorum amendment by Johnson mentioned on the Web cast Intelligent Design, Freedom, and Education
	DNA Evidence and Multiregional Hypothesis Air Date: 5-13-03 Hugh Ross, Fuz Rana, and Joe Aguirre Discoveries Discussed DNA Sequencing Refutes Neanderthal-Human Connection and Multiregional Origin for Humanity David Caramelli et al., "Evidence for a genetic discontinuity between Neandertals and 24,000-year-old anatomically modern Europeans," PNAS 100 (May 27, 2003), 6593-97. Early Star Formation, Metallicity Confirm WMAP Discovery Jason X. Prochaska, J. Christopher Howk, and Arthur M. Wolfe, "The Elemental Abundance Pattern in a Galaxy at z = 2.626," Nature 423 (1 May 2003), 57-59. John Cowan, "Elements of Surprise," Nature 423 (1 May 2003), 29. Wolfram Freudling, Michael R. Corbin, and Kirk T. Korista, "Iron Emission in z = 6 QSOs," Astrophysical Journal 587 (2003 April 20), L67-70. Interplanetary Dust from Meteorites has Origin-of-Life Implications Kazushige Tomeoka et al., "Interplanetary Dust from the Explosive Dispersal of Hydrated Asteroids by Impacts," Nature 423 (1 May 2003), 60-63. Ancient DNA and Protein Studies to Aid Scientific Advance Eske Willerslev et al., "Diverse Plant and Animal Genetic Records from Holocene and Pleistocene Sediments," Science 300 (May 2, 2003), 791-95. Erik Stokstad, "Ancient DNA Pulled From Soil," Science 300 (18 April 2003), 407. S. Perkins, "Fertile Ground: Snippets of DNA Persist in Soil for Millennia," Science News 163 (April 19, 2003), 244. Call-in Questions John from Costa Mesa, CA, asks: Would you be able to hear the big bang if you were a million miles away? George from Pasadena, CA, asks: Has there been a response from Dr. Gish on starlight travel time? E-mail Questions Russell asks: How do you respond to criticisms by Glenn Morton of your book, The Genesis Question? Resources Rare Earth Noah's Flood: A Bird's-Eye View The Genesis Question Rusty asks: Why do you think there is a lack of creationists publishing papers? Iolo asks: Could you point to any record in the Bible where it states the world is flat?
	Black Hole Discovery Confirms WMAP Result Air date: 5-06-03 Hugh Ross, Fuz Rana, Kenneth Samples, and Joe Aguirre Discoveries Discussed Distant Quasar Contains Massive Black Hole Chris J. Willott, Ross J. McLure, and Matt J. Jarvis, "A 3 x 10 9 M. Black Hole in the Quasar SDSS J1148+5251 AT z = 6.41," Astrophysical Journal 587 (2003 April 10), L15-18. Function Found for a Pseudogene Jeannie T. Lee, "Complicity of gene and pseudogene," Nature 423 (1 May 2003), 26-28. Shinji Hirotsune et al., "An expressed pseudogene regulates the messenger-RNA stability of its homologous coding gene," Nature 423 (1 May 2003), 91-96. Call-in Questions David from Lufkin, TX, asks: If Jesus is God, how do you account for differing genealogical lines of David in the gospels? Resources The Genesis Question Genesis One and the Origin of the Earth Patrick from Brookfield, MA, asks: Was there gravity before the fourth creation day? Resource Framework Interpretation: Interview with Rev. Lee Irons Ian from Santa Clarita, CA, asks: What did WMAP predict? Please respond to Science News article, "A Rocky Start" found in Kendall Morgan, "A Rocky Start: Fresh Take on Life's Oldest Story," Science News 163 (April 26, 2003), 264-66. Resource Biotic Borders: Cell Membranes Under Scrutiny Derek from Houston, TX, asks: Why do people not want to explore different models for interpreting Genesis creation days? E-mail Question Kim asks: Can you recommend some secular journals that you consider important? Science News Science Magazine Nature Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Theology/Philosophy Segment Discussion of James Watson and Francis Crick's comments on science and religion as quoted in BreakPoint, May 5, 2003
	Hominid Fossil Remains Redated Air Date: 4-29-03 Hugh Ross, Fuz Rana, Kenneth Samples, and Joe Aguirre Discoveries Discussed New Date Places Australopithecine Specimens One Million Years Earlier (Part 1) New Date Places Australopithecine Specimens One Million Years Earlier (Part 2) T.C. Partridge et al., "Lower Pliocene Hominid Remains from Sterkfontein," Science 300 (25 April 2003), 607-12. Ann Gibbons, "Great Age Suggested for South African Hominids," Science 300 (25 April 2003), 562. Brighter Young Sun Permits Abundance and Diversity of Life on Early Earth I.-Juliana Sackmann and Arnold I. Boothroyd, "Our Sun. V. A Bright Young Sun Consistent with Helioseismology and Warm Temperatures on Ancient Earth and Mars," Astrophysical Journal 583 (2003), 1024-39. Resource: A Brighter Young Sun Call-in Questions Bill from Bath, S.D., asks: Please comment on an article on "multiverses" in Scientific American. Are scientists being intellectually dishonest? Part 1 Part 2 Resource: The Creator and the Cosmos Patrick from Maine asks: Does "yom" preceded by an ordinal always indicate 24 hours? Resource: Report of the Ad Interim Committee on Creation E-mail Question Tim and Monica from Portland ask: Is belief in a personal God among scientists rising or declining? Question comes in response to Nature article, "Leading scientists still reject God" Theology/Philosophy Segment Do all Muslims believe similarly? Can a nation under Islamic rule be free? How can Christians relate to their Muslim neighbors? Resources Answering Islam The Qur'an and The Bible In the Light of History and Science
	Two New Big Bang Confirmations Air date: 04-22-03 Hugh Ross, Fuz Rana, Kenneth Samples, and Joe Aguirre Discoveries Discussed New Critique of Cardassian Expansion of Universe (Part 1) New Critique of Cardassian Expansion of Universe (Part 2) Zong-Hong Zhu and Masa-Katsu Fujimoto, "Constraints on Cardassian Expansion from Distant Type Ia Supernovae," Astrophysical Journal 585 (2003 March 1), 52-56. Population III Stars Detected as Big Bang Predicts (Part 1) Population III Stars Detected as Big Bang Predicts (Part 2) Jonathan Mackey, Volker Bromm, and Lars Hernquist, "Three Epochs of Star Formation in the High-Redshift Universe," Astrophysical Journal 586 (2003 March 20), 1-11. Toshikazu Shigeyama, Takuji Tsujimoto, and Yuzuru Yoshii, "Excavation of the First Stars," Astrophysical Journal 586 (2003 March 20), L57-60. Resources Big Bang--The Bible Taught It First! The Creator and the Cosmos The Fingerprint of God Genes of human pathogen provide information about origins Brian G. Spratt, "Stomachs Out of Africa," Science 299 (7 March 2003), 1528-29. Daniel Falush et al., "Traces of Human Migrations in Helicobacter pylori Populations," Science 299 (7 March 2003), 1582-85. African malaria parasite expansion follows human agricultural spread Deirdre A. Joy et al., "Early Origin and Recent Expansion of Plasmodium falciparum," Science 300 (11 April 2003), 318-21. E-mail Questions Creation Update listener Becky, a specialist in body mechanics, writes to comment on the necessity of the patella (kneecap): "As a physical therapist I can reassure everyone that the patella is a wonderful little bone that aids greatly in our function. Although much like many parts of our bodies we could live fine without a patella or either of them for that matter, in reality it provides an excellent biomechanical advantage. Since our legs are necessary to be able to produce great amounts of force it allows a change in the line of pull of the quadriceps muscle providing the ability to have greater torque production. Even with activities that require less torque production the presence of a patella helps to allow better effectiveness (energy conservation) of the quadriceps muscle." Mark asks, As I understand it, Einstein invented the cosmological constant as a "fudge factor" so his equations would not show an expanding universe. When Hubble proved the expansion, Einstein discarded it--calling this "the greatest blunder of his life." Now we have resurrected it--saying it's fine-tuned to one part in 10 to the 120th to permit life. Is this the same constant? Resource The Fingerprint of God Joey asks, What is RTB's position on the long day of Joshua and the sun going backward in the sky with Isaiah and Hezekiah? Resources Lights In the Sky and Little Green Men Jason asks, What is your opinion of Jack Cuozzo and his book Buried Alive? He seems to argue that Neanderthal fossils had been deceptively altered to appear more ape-like and that they may have been members of the pre-flood race of man. Sue in Ohio asks about the earth's magnetic field and the "shrinking sun" as young-earth arguments. Resource A Matter of Days Philosophy/Theology Segment How can Christians responsibly discuss the Scott Peterson double homicide case in light of inevitable arguments about abortion? How do abortion rights advocates view the baby (fetus) at eight months? Resources Death Before Birth Politically Correct Death Stand to Reason
	Solar-type Stars, Rotation, and X-rays Show Narrow Window of Time for Life Air date: 04-15-03 Hugh Ross, Fuz Rana, and Dave Rogstad Discoveries Discussed Just-Right Star Parameters Sydney A. Barnes, "A Connection Between the Morphology of the X-ray Emission and Rotation for Solar-type Stars In Open Clusters," Astrophysical Journal 586 (April 1, 2003), L145-47. Sydney A. Barnes, "On the Rotational Evolution of Solar- and Late-type Stars, Its Magnetic Origins, and the Possibility of Stellar Gyrochronology," Astrophysical Journal 586 (March 20, 2003), 464-79. Life's Minimum Complexity K. Kobayashi et al., "Essential Bacillus subtilis genes," PNAS 100 (April 15, 2003), 4678-83. Bacterial internal organization and complexity Sigal Ben-Yehuda, David Z. Rudner, and Richard Losick, "RacA, a Bacterial Protein That Anchors Chromosomes to the Cell Poles," Science 299 (24 January 2003), 532-36. Lucy Shapiro, Harley H. McAdams, and Richard Losick, "Generating and Exploiting Polarity in Bacteria," Science 298 (6 December 2002), 1942-46. Response to National Center for Science Education's published article on intelligent design Glenn Branch, "'Intelligent Design' Visits San Francisco," Reports of the National Center for Science Education vol. 22, no. 6 (Nov-Dec 2002), 6-9. Call-in Questions Mike from Venice, CA, asks: How many stars are capable of producing life-sustaining planets? Kenny from Milton, FL, asks: Does the presence of zircon crystals on the early earth allow for a global ocean? Information collected on plant origins and age of spores E-mail Questions Mark from Prince George, British Columbia, asks: 1) What scientific support is there for the early earth being completely covered by ocean rather than dry ground? 2) Did trees and seed-bearing plants really exist before the animals? 3) Did birds really exist before land animals? Resources: Rare Earth The Genesis Question
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	Dark Energy Density and Dust Fine-tuned for Life Air date: 04-01-03 Hugh Ross, Fuz Rana, Kenneth Samples, and Joe Aguirre Discoveries Discussed Cosmological Parameter Testing Shows Fine-tuning J. Garriga and A. Vilenkin, "Testing Anthropic Predictions for Dark Energy," arXiv:astro-ph/0210358 v1 (16 Oct 2002), 1-21. Alessandro Melchiorri et al., "Cosmological Constraints from a Combined Analysis of the Cluster Mass Function and Microwave Background Anisotropies," Astrophysical Journal 586 (March 20, 2003), L1-3. Planets Enshrouded In Dust Necessary for Life Travis S. Barman, Peter H. Hauschildt, and France Allard, "Irradiated Planets," Astrophysical Journal 556 (2001 Aug 1), 885-95. Gut Bacteria Beneficial to Human Hosts Michael S. Gilmore and Joseph J. Ferretti, "The Thin Line Between Gut Commensal and Pathogen," Science 299 (28 March 2003), 1999-2001. I.T. Paulsen et al., "Role of Mobile DNA in the Evolution of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecalis," Science 299 (28 March 2003), 2071-74. Jian Xu et al., "A Genomic View of the Human-Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron Symbiosis," Science 299 (28 March 2003), 2074-76. "Superbug killer found in rockpool," Feb. 27, 2003, 1-2. (Provided by Creation Update listener Andy) Call-in Question Ian from Santa Clarita, CA, asks: How do you define a species given that some reproduce asexually? E-mail Questions Listener from Harvard asks: Are there eleven dimensions to God? Resource: Beyond the Cosmos Dan from Santa Clara, CA, asks: Why would God design vestigial organs like the appendix? Is the knee poorly designed? Resource: Darwin's God: Evolution and the Problem of Evil Paul in Boulder, CO, asks: How do Neanderthal and human base pair differences compare with base pair differences between members of the same species? Resource: Richard G. Klein, "Whither the Neanderthals?" Science 299 (7 March 2003), 1525-27. Morgan asks: Are there other words to use for "epoch" and if so, why not use them instead of "yom?" Pete asks: Do animals that prey on one another fit into God's perfect world? Resource: Life and Death In Eden Philosophy/Theology Segment Why so many wars fought in the name of Christianity?
	Convergence and the Dinosaur-Bird Link Air date: 03-25-2003 Fuz Rana, Kenneth Samples, and Joe Aguirre Discoveries Discussed Convergence in teeth design of jawed vertebrates and insect body plans (Part 1) Convergence in teeth design of jawed vertebrates and insect body plans (Part 2) Richard H. Thomas, "Wingless Insects and Plucked Chickens," Science 299 (21 Mar 2003), 1854-55. Moya Meredith Smith and Zerina Johanson, "Separate Evolutionary Origins of Teeth from Evidence in Fossil Jawed Vertebrates," Science 299 (21 Feb 2003), 1235-36. Erik Stokstad, "Primitive Jawed Fishes Had Teeth of Their Own Design," Science 299 (21 Feb 2003), 1164. Francesco Nardi et al., "Hexapod Origins: Monophyletic or Paraphyletic?" Science 299 (21 Mar 2003), 1887-89. For further study: Fazale R. Rana, "Repeatable Evolution or Repeated Creation?" Facts for Faith 4 (2000), 13-21. Feathers first for dinosaurs or birds? (Part 1) Feathers first for dinosaurs or birds? (Part 2) Richard O. Prum and Alan H. Brush, "Which Came First, the Feather or the Bird?" Scientific American 288, no. 3 (March 2003), 84-93. Microbial diseases a part of God's good design (Part 1) Microbial diseases a part of God's good design (Part 2) S.L. Carrithers, "Diarrhea or colorectal cancer: Can bacterial toxins serve as a treatment for colon cancer?" PNAS 100, no. 6 (March 18, 2003), 3018-20. G.M. Pitari et al., "Bacterial enterotoxins are associated with resistance to colon cancer," PNAS 100, no. 5 (March 4, 2003), 2695-99. Hong Wei Chu et al., "Effects of Respiratory Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection on Allergen-Induced Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness and Lung Inflammation in Mice," Infection and Immunity 71, no. 3 (March 2003), 1520-26. Call-in Question Kenny from Milton, FL, comments on the difficulty in explaining the bird-dinosaur link from an evolutionary perspective. E-mail Question Tim from Japan asks: How does an evolutionist account for the change in lung structure (assuming a dinosaur-bird link) from reptilian to avian in one generation? Philosophy/Theology Segment Why do many in the Arab/Islamic world hate America? Is it right that America should see itself as the world's policeman? Should we allow our children to watch war coverage on television?
	Magnetars Reveal Design Air date: 03-18-03 Hugh Ross, Fuz Rana, Kenneth Samples, and Joe Aguirre Discoveries Discussed Fine-tuned Supernovae Events Yield Life-Essential Elements Todd A. Thompson, "Magnetic Protoneutron Star Winds and r-Process Nucleosynthesis," Astrophysical Journal 585 (March 1, 2003), L33-36. Resource for list of r-process elements essential for life (Part 1) Resource for list of r-process elements essential for life (Part 2) David Arnett, Supernovae and Nucleosynthesis: An Investigation of the History of Matter, from the Big Bang to the Present Fine-tuned Characteristics in Supernova of 1006 P. Frank Winkler, Gaurav Gupta, and Knox S. Long, "The SN 1006 Remnant: Optical Proper Motions, Deep Imaging, Distance, and Brightness at Maximum," Astrophysical Journal 585 (March 1, 2003), 324-35. Call-in Questions Jim from Lusby, MD, asks: Does inflationary model for universe require a beginning? Question comes in response to article by Arvind Borde, Alan H. Guth, and Alexander Vilenkin, "Inflationary Spacetimes Are Not Past-Complete," arXiv:gr-qc/0110012 v2 (14 Jan 2003), 1-4. Resource: The Creator and the Cosmos, 3d ed. Dave from Seattle, WA, asks: Did dinosaurs have feathers and evolve into birds? Randy from Collierville, TN asks: When does a rock become a rock given radiometric dating? The appearance of age argument with Jesus's miracles Jason from Harrisburg, PA, asks: What about natural evil/spiritual evil--any relationship? Resources The Roots of Evil Apologetics to the Glory of God The Creator and the Cosmos, 3d ed. God, Freedom, and Evil Without a Doubt E-mail Question Andy asks: Are the supposed 350,000-year-old footprints found in Italy human? Philosophy/Theology Segment How do we interpret apocalyptic literature responsibly? Resources: A Commentary on the Revelation of John The Bible and the Future The Meaning of the Millennium
	Interview With Dr. Duane Gish, Institute for Creation Research Creation Update PRIMETIME Air date: 03-13-03 Hugh Ross, Fuz Rana, Kenneth Samples Dr. Duane Gish Bio Call-in Questions Tim from Japan asks: Isn't the "appearance of age" argument similar to the "appearance of design" argument in that it says that things look a certain way but really aren't? George from LaVerne, CA, asks: (Re: photons) Shouldn't we see light reflecting off nebulae given your estimate for the age of the universe? Kenny from Milton, FL, asks: If juvenile dinosaurs were taken on the ark, what impact would rapid growth rates have on space? Walter from Dallas, TX, asks: What does Hawaiian Island formation tell us about the age of the Earth? Giveaway: "God, Darwin, or Both" Two-tape set featuring Hugh Ross, Duane Gish, and Eugenie Scott Dr. Gish's book, Evolution: The Fossils Still Say No!
	False Memories and Alien Abductions Air-date: 03-11-2003 Hugh Ross, Fuz Rana and Krista Bontrager Discoveries Discussed The steady-state model and the cosmic background radiation G. R. Burbidge, Fred Hoyle, et al., "Inhomogeneities in the microwave background radiation interpreted within the framework of the quasi-steady state cosmology," The Astrophysical Journal 585 (March 1, 2003), 1-11. Gamma rays result of quantized red shifts? G. R. Burbidge, "The sources of gamma-ray bursts and their connections with QSOs and active galaxies," The Astrophysical Journal 585 (March 1, 2003), 112-120. Biochemical design of kidneys Lubert Stryer, Biochemistry, 3rd ed. (New York, W.H. Freeman, 1988) 619-622. Local fluff and Local bubble Donald P. Cox and Louise Helenius, "Flux-Tube dynamics and a model for the origin of the local fluff," The Astrophysical Journal 583 (January 20, 2003), 205-228. Jesus Maiz-Apellaniz, "The origin of the local bubble," The Astrophysical Journal Letters 560 (October 10, 2001), L83-L86. Call-in Questions Bill from SD: Why was Don Page talking about protons in the "observable" universe? Ian from Santa Clarita, CA: How does the non-observable universe affect the anthropic principle? Joyce from San Luis Obispo, CA: Is the anthropic principle based on circular reasoning? How do you reason with an unbeliever from a generic God idea to Jesus Christ as the God of the universe? (Follow up) For more about this issue, Dr. Ross recommends his book, Beyond the Cosmos. Email Questions Andy wanted to ask a follow up question about our interview with theoretical physicist, Don Page: Would the cosmological constant apply to the non-observable universe? Dan from Grandview, MO: Why do scientists keep ratcheting the age of the universe down (from 17 billion years ago to 13.7 billion years ago)? Theology/Philosophy segment Interview with Harvard psychologist, Richard McNally, about his research into false alien memories (comments)
	Putting the Anthropic Principle to the Test Air-date: 03-04-2003 Hugh Ross and Krista Bontrager Special guest: Dr. Don Page, from the University of Edmonton, Alberta Discoveries Discussed Gamma ray bursts - an independent test for an expanding universe Bradley E. Schaefer, "Gamma-ray burst Hubble diagram to z-4.5," The Astrophysical Journal 583 (February 1, 2003), L67-L70. Migrating gas giants Philip J. Armitage, "A reduced efficiency of terrestrial planet formation following giant planet migration," The Astrophysical Journal 582 (January 1, 2003), L47-L50. Testing the anthropic principle Don N. Page, "Anthropic estimates of the charge and mass of the proton," Pre-print posted on the Los Alamos web site (February 13, 2003). Call-in Questions Randy from Collierville, TN: If the speed of light varied, then how can the universe be homogeneous and uniform? Do some young-earth creationists believe in evolution? Information Theory and the Young-Earth Speciation Model (air-date: 10-01-2002) Lions and Tigers and Ligers, Oh My! (air-date: 11-25-2000) Stan from Placentia, CA wanted to get Hugh's comment on a recent newspaper story that gravity may call string theory into question. Email Questions Paul in Colorado: Does the fact that the universe is now thought to be in accelerated expansion imply that the cosmological constant is not as fine-tuned as previously thought? Bob our engineer wanted to know: What does Hugh think of the "Big Rip" theory for the end of the universe? Martin in Westminster, CO: Could the universe have popped into existence through a black hole and one day return to a black hole? Skip in Kent, WA: What happened to Cro Magnun man? Was he human? Theology/Philosophy Segment PETA analysis (Holocaust and chickens): How are humans different than animals?
	"Missing" Baryons Found Air-date: 02-25-2003 Hugh Ross, Fuz Rana and Krista Bontrager Discoveries Discussed OH 62, new H. habilis specimen Phillip V. Tobias, "Encore Olduvai," Science 299 (February 2003), 1193-1194. Robert J. Blumenschine, "Late Pliocene Homo and Hominid Land Use from Western Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania," Science 299 (February 2003), 1217-1221. Mungo man update James Bowler, et al., "New ages for human occupation and climatic change at Lake Mungo, Australia," Nature 421 (2003), 837-840. "Missing" baryons found Fabrizio Nicastro, et al., "The far-ultraviolet signature of the 'missing' baryons in the Local Group of galaxies," Nature 421 (February 13, 2003), 719-721. Amiel Sternberg, "Hot gas around the Galaxy," Nature 421 (February 13, 2003), 708. Email Questions Scott wants to know: Has Hugh Ross responded to the book, "Starlight and Time?" Unraveling Starlight and Time (Creation Update audio cassette, air-date 06-03-2000) The Unraveling Starlight and Time, by Sam Connor and Hugh Ross (paper) Creation Update (September 3, 2002; April 2, 2002; October 14, 2000) Why doesn't Hugh Ross debate Russell Humphreys? (paper) Chris in Mt. Arlington, NJ: Is it true that the cosmic background radiation is not "lumpy" enough to produce stars and planets? Jim needs help with a school assignment: I am taking a class at the local university in which I need to lead a discussion about a recent scientific discovery. Can you recommend something related to the creation/evolution debate? Five Species Symbiosis Creation Update -- "Consider the Ant" (air-date: 2-4-03) and "Have Scientists Discovered a Trigger for the Cambrian Explosion? (air-date: 11-26-02) Elizabeth Pennisi, "On Ant Farm, A Threesome Coevolves," Science 299 (17 January 2003), 325. Cameron R. Currie et al., "Ancient Tripartite Coevolution in the Attine Ant-Microbe Symbiosis," Science 299 (17 January 2003), 386-88. Ulrich G. Mueller and Nicole Gerardo, "Fungus-farming insects: Multiple origins and diverse evolutionary histories" PNAS 24 (November 26, 2002), 15247-15249. Hugh Ross, "Symbiosis - More Complex Than We Knew," Connections vol. 1, no. 2, 2-3. Dinosaur extinction and replacement P.E. Olsen, D.V. Kent, et al., "Ascent of Dinosaurs Linked to an Iridium Anomaly at the Triassic-Jurassic Boundary," Science 296 (May 17, 2002), 1305-1307. Bill from Bath, SD: What is the current state of young earth creation science? Tim from Japan: Could Hugh clarify what he means when he says, "light first separated from darkness" in relation to the WMAP discovery? Harley wants to know: Could the energy from the space-energy density be harnessed? Joey: Does God see the past and present at the same time? Paul wanted Hugh to respond to an article on the ChristianAnswers.net web site: Where are the missing anti-matter? (aired on 9-17-02) Where is the missing mass? (listen to any show mentioning the space-energy density term or cosmological constant) Where are the missing neutrinos? (aired on 2-04-03) Where is the missing life? See our books: Lights in the Sky and Little Green Men and The Creator and the Cosmos. Boot Camp: Who was Cain's wife? "Finding a wife for Cain," Hugh Ross The Genesis Question, Hugh Ross Theology/Philosophy segment Can't I do whatever I want with my own body as long as I don't hurt anyone?
	Baby Pictures of the Universe Air-date: 02-18-2003 Hugh Ross, Fuz Rana and Krista Bontrager Discoveries Discussed WMAP image of the early universe (comments) See images of the WMAP on the Goddard NASA web site. "Surprise? NASA 'confirms' the big bang," (February 14, 2003) on the Answers in Genesis web site. (comments) John Hartnett, "Recent Cosmic Microwave Background data supports creationist cosmologies," TJ 15 (2001), 8-12. Globular clusters (Part 1) Globular clusters (Part 2) Linda Rowan and Robert Coontz, "The Young, the Old, and the Globular," Science 299 (3 January 2003), 59. Robert Irion, "The Milky Way's Restless Swarms of Stars," Science 299 (3 January 2003), 60-62. Govert Schilling, "Outside Sources Frame a Galactic Puzzle," Science 299 (3 January 2003), 63-64. Lawrence M. Krauss and Brian Chaboyer, "Age Estimates of Globular Clusters in the Milky Way: Constraints on Cosmology," Science 299 (3 January 2003), 65-69. Christopher Sneden and John J. Cowan, "Genesis of the Heaviest Elements in the Milky Way Galaxy," Science 299 (3 January 2003), 70-75. Alternatives to embryonic stem cell research Eva Mezey, Sharon Key, et al., "Transplanted bone marrow generates new neurons in human brains," PNAS 100 (February 4, 2003), 1364-1369. Marko E. Horb, Chia-Ning Shen, et al., "Experimental Conversion of Liver to Pancreas," Current Biology 13 (January 21, 2003), 105-115. Valerie A. McLin and Aaron M. Zorn, "Organogenesis: Making Pancreas Dispatch from Liver," Current Biology 13 (February 4, 2003), R96-R98. Call-in Questions Jeff from Skokie, IL: Is there anything preventing human cloning? Could the universe have had several false starts before this one succeeded? Ian from Santa Clarita, CA: Was the American Revolution a "just war?" Kenny from Milton, FL: Has Fuz heard of an Italian bi-pedal "swamp ape?" E-mail Questions Chuck in Davis, CA: Can you include some pictures related to the discoveries you discuss on Creation Update? Gonzalo wanted to ask a follow up question to last week's discussion on war: Would the U.S.'s economic interest in oil invalidate the "just war" argument? Skip from Kent, WA: Has Hugh heard of the book, Faster Than the Speed of Light? Jason from Calgary, Canada: Does Reasons To Believe promote descent from a common ancestor? Theology/Philosophy segment Theological implications of the Big Bang model
	Preplanning of the Cell Cycle Air-date: 02-11-2003 Hugh Ross, Fuz Rana and Krista Bontrager Discoveries Discussed Design of protein produced in cycle of the cell (Part 1) Design of protein produced in cycle of the cell (Part 2) Linda L. Breeden, "Periodic Transcription: A Cycle within a Cycle," Current Biology 13 (January 8, 2003), R31-38. New independent method for measuring the cosmological constant -- angular Gang Chen and Bharat Ratra, "Cosmological constraints from compact radio source angular size versus redshift data," The Astrophysical Journal 582 (January 10, 2003), 586-589. Supernovas Robert Irion, "Stars Behaving Badly," Science 299 (24 January 2003), 501. Call-In Questions Larry from Melbourne, FL: How does the spirit affect the brain? Resources recommended: Roger Penrose, Shadows of the Mind Roger Penrose, The Emperor's New Mind J.P. Moreland, "God and the Argument from Mind," Scaling the Secular City Damien from Sydney, Australia: Why should we suffer from Adam's sin when it's not our fault? Email Questions Rob from Boulder, CO: In a naturalistic origin-of-life scenario, how is gene expression controlled properly as the first organism is started? Daniel from the Georgia Institute of Technology: What does Dr. Ross think about the possible existence of a pre-Adamic race of men? Resources where this topic is discussed: Hugh Ross, The Genesis Question Larry from Melbourne, FL: How do theoreticians know what effect will be engendered by a change in 1 part in 120 of the parameter without simulations? Don from Canada: What do you know about Dr. Carl Baugh? Young-earth creationist statements about Carl Baugh: From the Institute for Creation Research: John Morris, "The Paluxy River Mystery." From Answers in Genesis: "Arguments We Think Creationists Should NOT Use" Andy in Houston, TX: Has there been any research done on animal species showing that they came from single pairs on Noah's ark? Theology/Philosophy Segment: Christian views of war For more about Just War theory, we recommend our friend, Dr. Mark Clark's article, "The Paradox of War and Pacifism," available on the Leadership U web site. Ken's recommendations on war: J.P. Moreland and Norman Geisler, "The Life and Death Debate: Moral Issues of Our Time." Robert G. Clouse, ed. "War: Four Christian Views." Louis P. Pojman, "Life and Death: Grappling with the Moral Dilemmas of Our Time." Victor Davis Hanson, "Carnage and Culture: Landmark Battles in the Rise of Western Power."
	Consider the Ant Air-date: 02-04-2003 Hugh Ross, Fuz Rana and Krista Bontrager Discoveries Discussed Five Species Symbiosis Elizabeth Pennisi, "On Ant Farm, A Threesome Coevolves," Science 299 (17 January 2003), 325. Cameron R. Currie et al., "Ancient Tripartite Coevolution in the Attine Ant-Microbe Symbiosis," Science 299 (17 January 2003), 386-88. Hugh Ross, "Symbiosis - More Complex Than We Knew," Connections vol. 1, no. 2, 2-3. For more, listen to Convergence Update: Fungus farming ants (aired on 11-26-02). Oscillating Neutrinos (Part 1) Oscillating Neutrinos (Part 2) Philip Ball, "Antineutrinos caught in vanishing act," Nature (22 January 2003). K. Eguchi et al., "First results from KamLAND: evidence for reactor antineutrino disappearance," Physical Review Letters 90, 021802, (2003). David Wark, "Particle physics: Now you see them, now you don't," Nature 421 (2003), 485. For further study: Facts for Faith article, "Missing Solar Neutrinos Found." Interview: General Robert Stewart about the Space Shuttle Columbia tragedy Read a past interview, "Bob Stewart: Soldier, Astronaut, and Compelling Apologist," in Facts for Faith. Call-in Questions Delbert from Dothan, AL, asks: Is your statement that God created the universe for the conquest of evil dualistic? For further study: "The Physics of Sin" article by Hugh Ross in a back issue of Facts for Faith Listen to previous creation update The Physics of Sin (aired on 06-04-02)

Creation Update 2003 Web Cast Archives January - June

Creation Update
2003 Web Cast Archives
January - June